Queued click tracking with user-agent filter

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Jobs\RecordClick;
use App\Models\Link;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class RedirectController extends Controller
{
    public function __invoke(Request $request, string $code): RedirectResponse
    {
        $link = Link::where('code', $code)->firstOrFail();

        // Hand everything the job needs over as plain strings; the response is not delayed.
        if (! $request->isMethod('HEAD')) {
            RecordClick::dispatch([
                'link_id' => $link->id,
                'ua' => (string) $request->userAgent(),
                'ip_hash' => hash('sha256', $request->ip().config('app.key')),
                'referrer' => (string) $request->headers->get('referer'),
                'at' => now()->toIso8601String(),
            ])->onQueue('clicks');
        }

        return redirect()->away($link->url, 302);
    }
}

<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use App\Models\Click;
use App\Models\Link;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;

class RecordClick implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Queueable;

    public int $tries = 3;

    private const BOT_MARKERS = [
        'bot', 'crawler', 'spider', 'slurp', 'preview', 'fetcher', 'curl/', 'wget',
        'python-requests', 'go-http-client', 'headlesschrome', 'facebookexternalhit',
    ];

    public function __construct(public array $payload) {}

    public function handle(): void
    {
        $isBot = $this->isBot($this->payload['ua']);

        Click::create([
            'link_id' => $this->payload['link_id'],
            'is_bot' => $isBot,
            'ip_hash' => $this->payload['ip_hash'],
            'ua' => mb_substr($this->payload['ua'], 0, 255),
            'referrer' => mb_substr($this->payload['referrer'], 0, 255),
            'created_at' => $this->payload['at'],
        ]);

        // Only humans move the headline counter.
        if (! $isBot) {
            Link::whereKey($this->payload['link_id'])->increment('clicks_count');
        }
    }

    private function isBot(string $ua): bool
    {
        $ua = strtolower(trim($ua));

        return $ua === '' || collect(self::BOT_MARKERS)->contains(fn ($m) => str_contains($ua, $m));
    }
}